Experts-Opinion

Transfer Pricing and BEPS Expert Opinion and Analysis

Equalisation Levy in India

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Equalisation Levy in India

By Lokesh Shah (Partner, L&L Partners, New Delhi) & Devashish Poddar (Advocate, L&L Partners, New Delhi)

Technology, considered as a factor of production, has virtually been adopted in all sectors of the economy in order to enhance productivity, enlarge market reach, and reduce operational costs.  The adoption of technology is demonstrated by the spread of broadband connectivity in businesses, which in almost all countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) is universal for large enterprises and reaches 90% or more even in smaller businesses.Continue Reading

Customs valuation and related party transactions

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Customs Valuation and Related Party Transactions

By Shilpa Goel (Tax Lawyer, India)

I am currently working on a case that involves questions of huge significance when it comes to related-party transactions and customs valuation. It is always good to begin with a caveat and I have two. The first is that the import in question pertains to the years 2002-2006, when the Indian custom valuation rules were somewhat different (from what they are now). The second is that I will not comment on the exact merits of the case but provide a broad overview of the legal and practical side of things.Continue Reading

How international tax landscape changes in India from April 1, 2020

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How international taxation landscape changes in India from 1 April 2020

By Ritu Shaktawat (Partner, Khaitan & Co, India) Raghav Kumar Bajaj (Principal Associate, Khaitan & Co, India)

India’s Union Budget for the fiscal 2020-21 was announced in February 2020 and the tax proposals, after undergoing some important changes, were approved by the Indian Parliament and received Presidential assent on March 27, 2020. With this, the annual exercise of amending India’s tax law was completed, and the tax changes are effective from April 1, 2020.

On the tax front, some significant amendments have been made – such as widening the scope of digital tax, abolition of dividend distribution tax, more stringent tax residency rules for non-resident Indians etc.

We have analyzed here the key international tax changes impacting non-residents (MNEs and others having Indian business or nexus).Continue Reading

Mexican 2020 Tax Reform: key international tax proposals

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By Ricardo Rendón (Partner, Chevez, Ruiz, Zamarripa y Cía, S.C., Mexico)

On September 8, 2019, the Executive Branch of the Mexican Government submitted to the Congress Tax Reform for 2020, which includes key tax changes to the country’s tax law primarily inspired by the OECD’s base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) project.Continue Reading

Ireland Transfer Pricing Feedback Statement Explained

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Ireland's Transfer Pricing Feedback Statement Explained By Expert

By Catherine O’ Meara (Partner, Matheson, Dublin)

The Irish Government recently published a Transfer Pricing Rules Feedback Statement, which confirms that changes to the country’s transfer pricing rules and their implementation are forthcoming.Continue Reading

Delving into Hong Kong’s New Transfer Pricing Landscape

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Delving into Hong Kong’s New Transfer Pricing Landscape

By Maulik Doshi (Partner, Head of Transfer Pricing & International Tax, SKP Group) and Kamlesh Kaltari (Principal, Transfer Pricing Services, SKP Group)

On July 4, 2018, Hong Kong’s Inland Revenue Department passed the country’s final Inland Revenue (Amendment) (No. 6) Bill 2017, (the Amendment Bill). 

This Amendment Bill (which became law on July 13, 2018) specified the documentary requirements from a transfer pricing perspective and also introduced measures to address various recommendations under BEPS Action Plans.Continue Reading

Indian tax authority sets new CbC reporting deadline for US subsidiaries

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Indian tax authority sets new CbC reporting deadline for US subsidiaries

By Maulik Doshi (Partner, Head of Transfer Pricing & International Tax, SKP Group) and Kamlesh Kaltari (Senior Manager, SKP Group)

In India, the 2016 Finance Act introduced a three-tiered transfer pricing documentation regime with a view to aligning the Indian transfer pricing documentation rules with Action 13 of the OECD’s base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) project.

Accordingly, Indian subsidiaries of multinational groups were required to comply with new “master” and “local” files requirements and a new country-by-country reporting requirement from the 2016-17 financial year.Continue Reading

Saudi tax authority publishes draft transfer pricing bylaws

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Saudi tax authority publishes draft transfer pricing bylaws

By Anas Salhieh  (Senior Tax Executive, Al Tamimi & Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)

Saudi Arabia’s General Authority for Zakat and Income Tax has published for public comments draft transfer pricing bylaws as part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s commitment to the OECD’s base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) project.Continue Reading

Bulgaria introduces new interest limitation and CFC regimes

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Bulgaria introduces new interest limitation and CFC regimes

By Elizabeth Sidi (Senior Tax Consultant, PwC, Bulgaria) 

Bulgaria is introducing new interest limitation rules and a new controlled foreign corporation regime from January 1, 2019. 

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New Agreement between Ireland and Malta to counteract the ‘Single Malt’ tax structure

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New Agreement between Ireland and Malta to counteract the ‘Single Malt’ Structure

By Catherine O’ Meara (Partner, Matheson, Dublin) and Brian Doohan (Senior Associate, Matheson, Dublin)

On November 27, 2018, Ireland’s Finance Minister Paschal Donohoe announced the details of a Competent Authority Agreement between Ireland and Malta (Agreement). The clear aim of the Agreement is to end what is referred to as the “Single Malt” tax structure.Continue Reading

Belgium publishes draft transfer pricing guidance for public comments

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Belgium publishes draft transfer pricing guidance for public comments

By Bram Markey (Director, Transfer Pricing, PwC Belgium)

The Belgian tax authority has issued a draft Circular on the 2017 update to the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations.Continue Reading

EU Joint Transfer Pricing Forum Issues Recommendations on Multilateral Transfer Pricing Audits

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EU Joint Transfer Pricing Forum Issues Recommendations on Multilateral Transfer Pricing Audits

By Bram Markey (Director, Transfer Pricing, PwC Belgium)

The EU Joint Transfer Pricing Forum has published a report, which aims to address the lack of guidance on bilateral and multilateral transfer pricing audits.
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Transfer Pricing Regulation in Albania and Recent Developments

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Transfer Pricing Regulation in Albania and Recent Developments

By Erinda Xhaferraj (Tax Manager, PwC, Albania) and Edland Graci (Transfer Pricing Senior Associate, PwC, Spain)

The amendment in 2014 of Albania’s Income Tax Law and the release of the Transfer Pricing Instruction introduced changes that are of importance to Albanian taxpayers performing cross-border transactions. For the first time taxpayers were faced with a complex and sophisticated legislation, which required the application of arm’s length in intra-group transactions.Continue Reading

Indian Tax Tribunal Allows Claim of Expenses by Mauritian PE

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Indian Tax Tribunal Allows Claim of Expenses by Mauritian PE

By Ritu Shaktawat (Partner, Khaitan & Co, India) and Shabnam Shaikh (Principal Associate, Khaitan & Co, India)

In a decision delivered on October 5, India’s Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi ruled that the Indian Income Tax Act cannot limit the claim of expenses of a permanent establishment in the absence of such limitation in the India-Mauritius tax treaty.Continue Reading

Belgium Announces Cooperative Tax Compliance Program

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Belgium Announces Cooperative Tax Compliance Program

By Bram Markey (Director, Transfer Pricing, PwC Belgium)

The Large Enterprises Division of the Belgian tax administration has announced the launch of a two-year pilot project aimed at transforming the traditional approach of ex-post tax investigations towards a system of proactive, real-time, and constructive dialogue on corporate tax affairs.

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Transfer Pricing Regulations Revised in Nigeria: Some Highlights

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Transfer Pricing Regulations Revised in Nigeria: Some Highlights

By Amaka Samuel Onyeani (Senior Manager, Transfer Pricing, Andersen Tax, Nigeria) & Abisola Agboola (Assistant Manager, Transfer Pricing, Andersen Tax, Nigeria)

Nigeria’s Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) recently released the revised Income Tax (Transfer Pricing) Regulations, 2018 (the Transfer Pricing Regulations). The Transfer Pricing Regulations are one of the efforts of the FIRS in improving the administration of transfer pricing in the country, increasing revenue collection via taxes, and protecting Nigeria’s tax base.Continue Reading

Draft Tax Proposal Drastically Expands Scope of Finnish CFC Regime

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Draft Tax Proposal Drastically Expands Scope of Finnish CFC Regime

By Mika Ohtonen (Head of Tax, Roschier, Finland) & Laura Puro (Senior Associate, Roschier, Finland)

Finland’s Ministry of Finance last month published a draft proposal on amending the Finnish controlled foreign corporation (CFC) statute. While the purpose of the draft is to implement the CFC provisions of the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD), the proposed changes are materially stricter than required by the ATAD.Continue Reading

Finland Consulting on Draft Controlled Foreign Corporation Rules

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Finland Consulting on Draft Controlled Foreign Corporation Rules

By Sami Tuominen (Partner, Head of Tax, Bird & Bird, Finland) &  Marianna Santamala (Associate, Bird & Bird, Finland)

The Finnish Ministry of Finance recently proposed amendments to the current Finnish legislation concerning controlled foreign corporations (CFC). On August 6, 2018, the Finance Ministry submitted a proposal for Government Bill on the amendments to the Act on taxation of members of controlled foreign companies (Act). The Act is currently going through a consultation round and the Ministry would accept input until the end of this month. The purpose of the Act is to prevent the avoidance of taxation in Finland by utilizing corporations established in states with low taxation.Continue Reading

Transfer Pricing Adjustment Rules Amended in Mexico

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Transfer pricing adjustment rules amended in Mexico

By Ricardo Rendón (Partner, Chevez, Ruiz, Zamarripa y Cía, S.C., Mexico)

The Mexican tax authorities last month issued the Second Resolution of modifications to the 2018 Miscellaneous Tax Resolution (MTR) in which the rules regarding transfer pricing adjustments were amended and certain additional provisions were included. This article discusses the relevant modifications to the miscellaneous tax rules on transfer pricing adjustments.Continue Reading

Transfer Pricing Documentation: Belgium Gazettes Administrative Fines

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Transfer Pricing Documentation: Belgium Gazettes Administrative Fines

By Stefaan De Ceulaer (Director, Tax and Legal Support, PKF International)

The Belgian Parliament on June 29 adopted the Programme Act, which introduces in Belgian tax law specific transfer pricing documentation requirements, that is, in article 321/1 to 321/7 of the Income Tax Code (Programme law of July 1, 2016 gazetted on July 4, 2016), in response to Action 13 of the OECD’s base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS project.  Continue Reading

Transfer Pricing Documentation Regime Being Revised in Poland

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Transfer Pricing Documentation Regime Being Revised in Poland

By Marcin Jamroży (Associate Professor, Warsaw School of Economics, and Partner, Rödl & Partner, Poland)

Poland’s Finance Ministry recently published a draft tax Bill to implement key changes to the country’s transfer pricing documentation rules. The draft Bill is aimed at simplifying Poland’s transfer pricing regulations and lowering the bureaucratic and administrative burden for enterprises. The philosophy of a simple, transparent, and friendly tax system should be written into the law. At the same time, it is underlined that the draft Bill should be sealed against loopholes and incorporate the new OECD recommendations. The new regulation is proposed to be effective from January 1, 2019.Continue Reading

Spain’s Patent Box Regime Aligned with BEPS Action 5

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Spain's Patent Box Regime Aligned with BEPS Action 5

By Mario Ortega Calle (Partner, Garrigues, Madrid) and Laura Jiménez (Associate, Garrigues, Madrid)

Spain’s General State Budget for 2018, published by Law 6/2018 of July 3, 2018, in the Official Gazette, has amended the country’s patent box regime to bring it in further alignment with the “nexus approach” developed by the OECD under Action 5 of the base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) project.Continue Reading

‘Significant Economic Presence’ – Missing Pieces of the Indian Tax Puzzle!

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‘Significant Economic Presence’ – Missing Pieces of the Indian Tax Puzzle!

By Ritu Shaktawat (Associate Partner, Khaitan & Co, India) and Krutika Chitre (Associate, Khaitan & Co, India)

Ritu Shaktawat and Krutika Chitre of Khaitan & Co discuss the consultation document addressing the tax challenges of digital economy released by Indian’s Central Board of Direct Taxes on July 13, 2018.

Soon after having introduced ‘Google Tax’ in 2016, India becomes one of the first tax jurisdictions to treat ‘significant economic presence’ of a foreign enterprise as its taxable presence in India (effective from April 1, 2018 (that is, from assessment year 2019-20)).Continue Reading

Altera and the Arm’s Length Standard

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Altera and the Arm’s Length Standard

By Reuven Avi-Yonah (Irwin I. Cohn Professor of Law, University of Michigan)

On July 24, 2018, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the US Tax Court decision in Altera Corp. v. Commissioner, 145 T.C. 91 (July 27, 2015), which had invalidated Treas. Reg. § 1.482- 7A(d)(2).[1]Continue Reading

New Italian Transfer Pricing Guidelines Explained

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New Italian Transfer Pricing Guidelines Explained

By Diletta Fuxa (Senior Manager), Studio Associato Servizi Professionali Integrati, Member of Fieldfisher

On May 14, 2018, Italy’s Ministry of Economy and Finance issued a Decree, which lays down new transfer pricing guidelines in compliance with the provisions set forth in article 110 (7) of the Income Tax Code (Testo Unico delle Imposte sui Redditi).Continue Reading

No Indian Permanent Establishment for Nokia, But Concerns Remain

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No Indian Permanent Establishment for Nokia, But Concerns Remain

By Daksha Baxi (Head of International Taxation, Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas) and Jyoti Anumolu (Associate, Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas)

India’s Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) at New Delhi last month delivered a significant decision in the case of Nokia Networks OY (taxpayer) on the issue of whether it’s Indian subsidiary, Nokia India Private Limited (NIPL) (which was assigned installation contracts by the taxpayer or entered into independent installation contracts with customers) constituted a permanent establishment (PE) for the taxpayer.Continue Reading

Nigeria CbC Reporting Tax Regulations Explained

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Nigeria CbC Reporting Tax Regulations Explained

By Josh Bamfo (Partner & Head, Transfer Pricing Services, Andersen Tax, Nigeria)

The Federal Government of Nigeria finally published the much anticipated Income Tax (Country-by-Country Reporting) Regulations, 2018 (the CbC Regulations) on June 19, 2018 (with a commencement date of January 1, 2018). This is in line with Nigeria’s signing of the OECD’s Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement on January 27, 2016, providing for automatic exchange of CbC reports.

As a sequel to my earlier publication on the potential implications of the draft CbC reporting Regulations to affected taxpayers, which was published four months ago, this article presents the key highlights of the CbC reporting Regulations and re-assesses the potential implications based on the content of the final, published version.Continue Reading

India’s CbC Reporting Requirement Clarified

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Maulik Doshi discusses CBDT's clarification issued in relation to the timeline for furnishing of Country-by-Country Report

By Maulik Doshi (Partner, Head of Transfer Pricing & International Tax, SKP Group) and Kamlesh Kaltari (Senior Manager, SKP Group)

As an active participant in the OECD’s base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) project, India has implemented nearly all the BEPS recommendations and has taken several steps to amend the country’s domestic tax laws appropriately. The Indian Finance Act, 2016 implemented BEPS Action Item 13 by introducing a three-tiered transfer pricing documentation structure and made it effective from the 2016-17 financial year.Continue Reading

How Will Brazil’s OECD Membership Affect Its Transfer Pricing Regime?

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How Will Brazil’s OECD Membership Affect Its Transfer Pricing Regime?

By Debora De Souza Correa Talutto (Group Transfer Pricing Manager, Temenos Banking Software Co.)

The Brazilian transfer pricing rules were created to address the maximum tax deductible costs or expenses when domestic taxpayers buy goods and services from foreign suppliers, and the minimum taxable revenues when local companies sell goods and services to foreign customers.Continue Reading

Italy’s Transfer Pricing Overhaul Will Boost Taxpayer Confidence

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Italy’s Transfer Pricing Overhaul Will Boost Taxpayer Confidence

By Marco Greggi (Professor, International Tax Law, University of Ferrara)

The Italian Finance Ministry, on February 21, 2018, published for stakeholders’ comments two draft transfer pricing regulations. The first Regulation is a proposed decree that deals with substantive aspects of transfer pricing regulations (analyzed in this article), while the second Regulation concerns corresponding adjustments (procedural aspects). The second Regulation on corresponding adjustments will be analyzed in a forthcoming article.Continue Reading

South Africa’s 2018 Budget: Unpacking International Tax Measures

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South Africa’s 2018 Budget: Unpacking International Tax Measures

By Ahmed Jooma (Independent Tax, Legal, and Public Policy Consultant)

On February 21, 2018, South Africa’s Finance Minister, Malusi Gigaba, presented the country’s National Budget, which will be tougher on the populace than on multinational corporations. Most of the tax changes that will affect cross-border transactions are of a technical nature. A continued focus on base erosion and profit shifting is expected to assist in arresting the deteriorating fiscal environment. This is further exacerbated by pressure to maintain a relatively low corporate tax rate in the face of tax competition.
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The Future of the Dutch Tax Ruling Practice

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The Future of the Dutch Tax Ruling Practice

By Jian-Cheng Ku (Legal Director, DLA Piper Nederland N.V.) and Jeroen Swart, (Tax Adviser, DLA Piper Nederland N.V.)

On February 18, 2018, the Dutch State Secretary of Finance announced that it will revise the Dutch tax ruling practice in light of results from a review conducted to examine if Dutch tax rulings met Dutch procedural requirements. Over 4,000 Dutch tax rulings were reviewed.

Current practice and review

A tax ruling provides Dutch taxpayers with the opportunity to obtain advance certainty on the tax consequences of proposed legal transactions. Taxpayers and the tax authorities are able to avoid potential disputes through tax rulings, which provide upfront assurance. The Dutch tax ruling practice is considered an important pillar of the Dutch business climate.Continue Reading

Belgium Initiating New Wave of Transfer Pricing Audits

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Belgium Initiating New Wave of Transfer Pricing Audits

By  Bram Markey (Director, Transfer Pricing, PwC Belgium)

The Belgian tax authorities are increasing their manpower, shifting focus areas, and stepping up national and international cooperation with other tax authorities, with a clear view to audit transfer pricing and other international tax matters in a more targeted and efficient way, writes Bram Markey, Director, Transfer Pricing at PwC Belgium. Continue Reading

Italy Enacts New Web Tax, Redefines PE

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Italy Enacts New Web Tax, Revises PE definition

By Aurelio Massimiano (Partner, Maisto e Associati) and Matteo Cataldi (Associate, Maisto e Associati)

On December 29, 2017, the Italian Government published Law No. 205 of December 27, 2017 (Budget Law) in the Italian Official Journal, which contains key tax measures including a new tax on digital transactions (Web Tax) and revisions to the definition of permanent establishment (PE) in the domestic law.Continue Reading

France Gazettes Revised Transfer Pricing Documentation Requirements

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Terence WILHELM of CARA Avocats, France discusses Transfer Pricing Documentation Requirements in France

By Terence WILHELM (Attorney at Law, Managing Partner, CARA Avocats, France) 

On December 31, 2017, the French Government gazetted Finance Act, 2018, which revises the current transfer pricing documentation requirements in France. Accordingly, companies falling within the ambit of the new requirements will need to newly submit to the tax authority a two-fold documentation comprising “master” and “local” files, developed under Action 13 of the OECD’s base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) project. The revised transfer pricing documentation requirement is inserted in Article L13AA of the French Procedural Tax Book (Livre des procedures fiscales) and is applicable to fiscal years beginning January 1, 2018.
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Indian Budget 2018: Transfer Pricing Expectations

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Maulik Doshi of SKP Group stresses what India's 2018 Budget must cover on the transfer pricing front

By Maulik Doshi (Partner, Head of Transfer Pricing & International Tax, SKP Group) and Kamlesh Kaltari (Senior Manager, SKP Group)

The Indian Government has, in recent past, taken bold and practical measures to align the Indian transfer pricing regulations with global best practices by introducing country-by-country reporting and “master” file regulations; interest limitation provisions; revising the rates under the safe harbor rules; rationalizing specified domestic transactions; and introduction of range concept and use of multiple-year data. Additionally, the Government has made several attempts on the administrative side to reduce litigation and introduce a taxpayer-friendly regime. Having said that, there are certain ambiguities that need to be resolved.

In the 2018 Budget, which is due to be presented on February 1, 2018, we hope to see appropriate steps being taken to address these ambiguities, some of which are listed below.Continue Reading

CbC Reporting Regulations in Nigeria: Potential Implications For Taxpayers

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Joshua Bamfo of Andersen Tax discusses CbC Reporting Regulations in Nigeria

By Josh Bamfo (Partner & Head, Transfer Pricing Services, Andersen Tax, Nigeria)

Since the signing of the Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement by the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and its subsequent ratification by the Federal Executive Council in 2016, most Nigerian taxpayers and tax practitioners have been keenly waiting for the implementation of a country-by-country (CbC) reporting requirement, developed under Action 13 of the base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) project. Nonetheless, we were still surprised by the FIRS’ communication via its official Twitter handle on 24 January, 2018, that the Income Tax (Country-by-Country Reporting) Regulations, 2018, (CbC Regulations) has now been signed by the Federal Government of Nigeria, and will be gazetted soon.Continue Reading